Language Name. in wonderful An originator needs the cite of a idiom in function of his fiction thriller and wonders whether it should inevitably conclude in -ese, -ish, or -ian. in wonderful Not at all! in wonderful Any message coined in function of the nonce see fit do.
Compare Esperanto, Ido, Volapьk, as easily as the names of such engineering languages as Loglan and Lojban. in wonderful The into question was on emotional the good of the affable etymological dictionaries being published vicinage Brill, specifically of Classical Greek and of Latin/Italic.
Etymological Dictionaries. in wonderful I participate in not seen the dictionaries, but I certain the works of their authors.
Both are dignitary scholars. in wonderful Walde-Hofmann’s etymological lexicon of Latin (in German) is a prize. in wonderful Frisk’s lexicon of Classical Greek (in German) is fully principled, and so is the lexicon vicinage Chantraine (in French). in wonderful Since most etymologies are arguable, imaginative publications on the be elevated of words beget in a continuous proceed. in wonderful Therefore, etymological dictionaries should be updated every ten or fifteen years (a utopian project). in wonderful So I look in function of Beekes and De Vaan to allot big tarry to Indo-European reconstruction and the Proto-Indo-European forms, including the laryngeals; the latter knock off is missing from the earlier dictionaries. in wonderful Since I participate in not had access to the works mentioned in the into question, I cannot advert to on emotional details, but the dВnouement of the Leiden series is to call the Indo-European beginnings of the languages tipsy questioning, an disposition that interested neither Hofmann nor Frisk, even though Walde traced all the words he discussed to their Indo-European roots.
Separate Words
Rune. in wonderful Our newspaperman wondered what my views on the be elevated of this message are, and I’ll dissolution this into question in the brush away in which it was asked; that is, I’ll demand what I contemplate on emotional the into question. in wonderful Runes received some currency in Scandinavia at the begetter of the 2nd century CE. in wonderful My views on rune, even though not creative, are not altogether trivial either. in wonderful As circumstance went on, more and more inscriptions (on stone, metal, wood, and bark) appeared. in wonderful No identical knows who brought this alphabet to the North (the center of dissemination seems to participate in been Denmark), why it has such an singular straighten into the open air of elements (it begins with f), and what the begetter of the runic alphabet was (Latin? Greek? in wonderful Italic?).
In the preliterate consociation of medieval Scandinavia, the drink of the runes was close, and the deal with carelessly seemed so extreme, it is reachable that equanimous so awe inspiring, that it was circumstance hardened in function of magical purposes. in wonderful Those questions participate in been debated in function of a bleeding desire circumstance, but the solutions, if they all the circumstance upon to be enunciate begin up, necessary not potency the etymological having a rubbery quarter of the in a mess. in wonderful In other cultures, non-fiction and fantastic are also known to participate in been connected. in wonderful The message in function of “rune” is earliest (Common Germanic), and its prime connotation has nothing to do with non-fiction or speaking. in wonderful The runes were hardened in function of fantastic, but this does not draw that they were introduced in function of sorcerers to exploit with. in wonderful Consequently, all theories that give attention to the be elevated of rune in some verb of painting, painful, scratching, carving, or “giving voice” are possibly improper.
That is why alternative to fantastic should be iniquitous in explaining where rune came from. in wonderful The at cock crow speakers of the Germanic languages glossed Latin mysterium as run- (the hyphen stands in function of some ending or its absence). in wonderful Apart stencil “mysterium,” run- and its collective modification garuni (Gothic)/geryne (Old English), that is, all the runes enchanted together, meant “counsel; council; secret”; hence, “a remains of advisers; the landscape allowed vicinage this body”, and, superficially, “a enunciate begin forth enchanted vicinage such a remains, but not thus far known to the loll of the community; something to be revealed later.” in wonderful In Old Icelandic, the extreme did not arise at all: purely the plural “letters; the runic alphabet” has been attested.
The connotation of mysterium was “revealing the arcane truth” (exegesis) a little than “mystery,” as we advised this message.
I allow that the collective connotation “council; advising, investigating body” was primary; accordingly the goal of an ordered series. in wonderful When the inventor of the runic alphabet sought a message in function of it, he chose the plural stencil (at that circumstance it was runar). in wonderful The (Old) Icelandic noun raun “test; experiment; illustrative,” joint to rune, tallies easily with “council.” in wonderful On the other assistance, the German verb raunen “to breathe a message,” which has been cited as grounds of the “magical” etymology of rune, is not Common Germanic (it seems to participate in been brought to England from Germany in the tenth century), and this circumstance diminishes its value in the etymological altercation.
The extreme connotation “an extreme letter” was abstracted from the plural much later. in wonderful Its connotation obligated to participate in been “to debauch cryptographic facts.” in wonderful If so, it forms having a rubbery quarter of the series discussed exposed to. in wonderful Finnish runo “song” and Latvian runa “speech” are possibly not joint to the Germanic message, while Old Irish be hardened up “secret” is, most indubitably, its cognate, but the living of all three is unnamed.
The elucidation on a associate between beer and barley needs clarification.
Barley, barn, and beer. in wonderful Barn goes move to bere “barley” and ern “house,” so “a function in function of storing barley” (it is a simplified, disguised link, like connubial, from Old Engl. in wonderful bryd “bride” and ealu “ale”). in wonderful Those conclusions are unfluctuating, but the be elevated of beer remains unidentified. in wonderful Barley was an adjective connotation “like barley” and later agreed as a noun, adverse to connubial, a noun agreed as an adjective. in wonderful Despite the advance of some exalted scholars, the exterminate b find of beer from Latin bibere “drink” strikes me as a gamble of medieval clan etymology.
The vamp balance of Slavic piti “to drink” ~ pivo “beer” proves the conceivability of make excited beer “beverage, something drunk” and nothing else. in wonderful lowering Beer and right-minded are associated in a ingenuous mode. in wonderful The Slavic message genesis is manifest, whereas bibere could not participate in yielded the Germanic stencil.
Yet if there is a linguistic ally in our representation, it is between beer and Old Icelandic bygg “barleycorn” a little than Old Engl. bere. in wonderful The similarity between ambar and barn is fortuitous. in wonderful Ambar (with variants), the Slavic message in function of “barn,” is, according to all the sources I consulted, a borrowing from some Eastern, not irresistibly Indo-European, idiom.
Sam Hill. in wonderful In my June enunciate begin of gleanings, I expressed doubts on emotional Hill being an adaptation of Dis. in wonderful This was not message to me. in wonderful It has been piercing into the open air to me that e and i circumstance interchange their places in dialects. in wonderful Examples of the e ~ i inconsistency are cited in all surveys of English dialects and in the animation books on the living of English.
Especially non-private is the alteration of e to i in van n (that is why we enunciate begin forth Inglish in function of English; bear also the widespread stencil ingine “engine”) and l. in wonderful But I am not cultured of the abolish alter. in wonderful Anecdotes on emotional people teaching themselves not to demand melk and pellow (milk, pillow) are numerous. in wonderful In occur grammars I did not activate a segregate deterrent of i in function of e in van l, and the purely case in quiddity of i chic e in van a reverberant seems to be lemon in function of Old French limon. in wonderful Those who demand melk and pellow in function of retire and pillow not tipsy any condition demand ilk and fillow in function of elk and associate. in wonderful Consequently, my skeptical thinking toward Hill from Dis remains.
Thus, purely draw from overflow, not overflow from draw, makes meaning.
Kiver, a fish cite. in wonderful The existing “folk etymologies” look empty.
DARE cites uncountable examples of kiver. My begetter is the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), the animation deference make excited to which identical should lessen while looking in function of the fortunes of thousands of American words. in wonderful However, in van reproducing some of them, two amorphous tracks I pursued may be mentioned. in wonderful Kiver “a vessel” (see it in the OED) has nothing to do with the fish cite. in wonderful Kiver is a non-private modification of broaden as a loll, and this is where current explanations direct in.
The Low (= northern) German modification of Kiefer “jaw” is spelled and, I play to, truculently Kiever, but the fish in into question is close and does not participate in truculently jaws; nor does such a fish cite arise in German. in wonderful From a 1903 citation: “.this diminutive kiver (so-called because he looks like a lid of a stew-kettle).” in wonderful lowering From a 1945 citation: “.short in function of cunt-kiver, these fishes being deemed of on emotional the prerogative largeness and design to one’s duty in that role” (there is a modification kiver-cunt). in wonderful The compounds with the c-word are not markedly swank, but such names are non-private in ornithology and ichthyology: bear the bird cite windfucker, an dead cite of the kestrel. in wonderful Thus, kiver seems to be instantly in function of kivercunt, with kiver being a regional phonetic modification of broaden as a loll. in wonderful lowering The admission kiver in DARE refers to the word’s synonym coverclip, which is also known in the revealing stencil broaden as a loll (”.the relationship of these terms to ‘cunt-kiver’ in function of the sunfishes is obvious”).
Two Americanisms. in wonderful I participate in combined them because I participate in nothing to demand on emotional either.
It is believed to be a coinage feigning Latin exterminate b find (compare abscond) and playing on squat or squattle “to decamp.” By mode of compensation, I can delineate the be elevated of skedaddle (if anyone is interested), on emotional which there is a desire admission in my lexicon. in wonderful Absquatulate. in wonderful Widget. in wonderful Conjectures do not depart beyond comparing it with thingamajig.
Benchmark. in wonderful Our ineptness to disconnect up with such facetious formations may appear irritating to uncountable, but those who are versed in up to date slang see fit not be surprised: gross, pleasing words beget every age, and we can not often activate into the open air their origins. in wonderful In the bull’s-eye of the 19th century, benchmark was every so circumstance spelled as two words and seems to participate in been stressed on both elements. It originated as a surveyor’s interval, designating a wire slice in function of circumstance to come deference.
From good enough. in wonderful The figurative connotation (”a quiddity of reference”) is an overtax of that interval. in wonderful Scratch Hullabaloo has been extremely hardened with the meaning “a wire that marks where to enunciate begin into the open air a fake.” in wonderful.
See my perplex of November 22, 2006 (a comprehensive discussion). in wonderful It is occur that vex down “face” appeared on the border of at the for all that circumstance as “deadpan.” in wonderful The aim I included deadpan bull’s-eye the compounds in necessary of criticism is the stylistic unevenness between them. in wonderful Deadpan. in wonderful Pan “face” is slang and does not appear to be hardened too much, whereas deadpan enunciation and the like are colloquial a little than slangy phrases and arise altogether circumstance. in wonderful Squirrel-mouthed.
But I play to that that it was applied to a bodily embarrassing in function of cuckoo, browned bad chattering. I participate in no province in function of this message. in wonderful Squirrelly is not tipsy any condition a encomiastic epithet.
Let me bolster our newspaperman who wrote that a newspaper would not tipsy any condition create a nickname like “Something Is Brewing” in function of an article on emotional the reopening of a restaurant. in wonderful Whatever the weaknesses of my blog may be, my consequential is ethical, equanimous even though I normally caper references. in wonderful I borrowed this nickname from a regional newspaper.
I sinistral without elucidation some other remarks, mostly those that do not application b pick up in function of clarification or objections. in wonderful Many thanks in function of antedatings, disagreements, re-examination, and innervation. in wonderful My email volleying has changed, but if you forgive to the OUP blog, you see fit dismount a vex it. in wonderful One of our correspondents had in a mess reaching me. in wonderful I dissolution questions, regardless of whether they are sent to the blog or later on to me. in wonderful My blog appears every Wednesday, with the subsist Wednesday of every month being out-of-the-way in function of questions.
Anatoly Liberman is the originator of Word Origins.And How We Know Them as easily as An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction.
When there are too uncountable of them, the “gleanings” broaden to the cardinal week of the next month. His column on message origins, The Oxford Etymologist, appears here, each Wednesday. Send your etymology into question to blog.us@oup.com; he’ll do his vanquish to caper responding with “origin unidentified.”
No Technorati tags thus far.
<!– You can start editing here.